Summary
LlamaRisk operates as the risk provider of the Curve ecosystem, responsible for quantitative risk modeling, collateral onboarding frameworks, ecosystem development support, and governance-aligned growth strategy. Our mandate is to ensure that Curve’s expansion — across crvUSD, LlamaLend, and AMM markets — is grounded in rigorous analysis, supported by proactive monitoring, and guided by structured risk controls.
LlamaRisk seeks to renew its partnership with Curve for an annual engagement spanning April 2026-2027. Over the past year, we have significantly deepened our contributions across risk management, governance, and ecosystem growth — navigating periods of market stress, preparing for LlamaLend v2, and applying our quantitative research toward meaningful protocol optimizations.
Our proposed scope for the coming year builds on these achievements with an emphasis on supporting the rollout of LlamaLend v2, enhancing crvUSD peg resilience, and scaling risk infrastructure across all of Curve’s product offerings.
Our comprehensive suite of services serve a dual mandate to strengthen Curve’s resiliency while ensuring a strong, competitive growth trajectory. Our services include:
- Quantitative research and simulation, including parametrization frameworks for LlamaLend v2, market stress testing, LP collateral risk modeling, AMM pool optimizations, and crvUSD stability analysis as underlying strategies evolve,
- Qualitative risk evaluation, including asset risk assessments for new collateral types (Pendle PTs, LP tokens, RWAs), PegKeeper curation, and market lifecycle management,
- Risk monitoring and tooling, including continuous monitoring, Risk Portal dashboards, and oracle and monetary policy R&D,
- Growth and integration support, including advancing crvUSD demand through Curve-aligned strategies (e.g., crvUSD IPOR vault), grants administration, B2B engagement with integrating protocols, and coordination with key stakeholders.
- DAO governance advisory. A core value proposition is to apply our risk and growth services toward providing the DAO with trusted, independent advisory that is backed by high-quality and well-articulated research and protocol insights.
Key accomplishments from our 2025-2026 engagement include:
- 54 governance proposals submitted across LlamaLend (27), crvUSD/MonPol/PegKeeper (10), Gauge management (7), AMM/Pool (3), and other categories (7), with strong community engagement
- Secured 250,000 OP tokens from Optimism for bootstrapping LlamaLend v2 on Optimism
- LlamaLend infrastructure upgrades, such as EMAMonetaryPolicy, oracle proxy, oracle implementation enhancements, and PT oracle development for LLV2 markets.
- Risk and optimization methodologies for major considerations relevant to crvUSD and LlamaLend, including monetary policy performance, debt ceiling risk exposure, LLAMMA parameterization, and YieldBasis scaling.
- YieldBasis risk analysis and action response: In addition to active research into YieldBasis impact on Curve, we have put several crvUSD resiliency initiatives into effect and are coordinating short/mid/long term improvements via a crvUSD/YB task force.
- Market deprecation framework developed and applied on Sonic, reducing TVL exposure in underperforming markets by ~50%
The Community Fund that has historically financed Curve’s service providers is finite. Sustaining the ecosystem’s critical infrastructure requires a deliberate shift toward funding operations from recurring protocol revenue. LlamaRisk’s 2026 budget reflects this transition: we propose $360K in crvUSD from the DAO Treasury alongside a 2,500,000 CRV vest — maintaining the same total budget as 2025 while reducing the protocol’s dependence on non-renewable CRV reserves.
Section 1: 2025 Retrospective
The 2025-2026 grant period has been a transformative year for LlamaRisk’s contributions to Curve. As the protocol expanded with new products, new assets, and the integration of YieldBasis, our role is evolving from periodic risk assessment toward continuous monitoring, proactive governance engagement, and hands-on crisis management.
We submitted 54 governance proposals spanning LlamaLend parameter optimization, crvUSD monetary policy calibration, gauge management, and oracle upgrades — each backed by rigorous research and quantitative analysis. Our work directly strengthened protocol resilience during periods of market stress, advanced preparation for LlamaLend v2, and addressed newly introduced stability challenges as the stablecoin backing has evolved.
On the growth side, we secured a 250,000 OP token grant from Optimism for bootstrapping LlamaLend v2, launched fee-free IPOR vaults to deepen crvUSD lending liquidity - which has grown to over $1M TVL and served as a meaningful stability anchor during periods of peg stress - and facilitated markets deployment and optimization for asset issuers on behalf of the DAO. Our collaboration with Swiss Stake deepened, with a particular focus on preparations for LlamaLend v2.
We have developed a comprehensive suite of risk tooling for LlamaLend: our debt ceiling methodology is now ready for automated deployment across LlamaLend v2 markets, the LLAMMA Simulator is being transformed into a continuous monitoring system, and our Pendle PT research has laid the groundwork for onboarding a new class of collateral assets. The market deprecation framework, first applied on Sonic, established a replicable process for safely winding down markets in need of deprecation.
The YieldBasis integration tested crvUSD’s stability infrastructure in new ways. Our analysis identified YB as a first-order driver of PegKeeper inventory dynamics, directly motivating our work on monetary policy smoothing and PegKeeper management. We are placing diligent focus on maintaining peg resilience over the next year.
You can read about our work over the past year in detail in the reply to this post.
Section 2: 2026 Services Outline
The coming year brings two major inflection points for Curve: the launch of LlamaLend v2 and the continued scaling of crvUSD, driven primarily by YieldBasis. Both require a shift from periodic analysis to continuous, automated risk management. Our 2026 services are organized around three pillars:
- Quantitative R&D
- Risk and Growth Consultancy
- Qualitative Risk Evaluation
2.1 Quantitative Research and Development
2.1.1 LlamaLend v2 Parametrization & Risk Management
v2 introduces contract-level borrow caps, arbitrary market pairings, and new collateral classes (LP tokens and PT tokens) that demand a comprehensive risk infrastructure:
- Debt Ceiling and Borrow Cap Methodology: Debt ceiling and borrow caps calibrated using empirical liquidity shock scenarios, 99th-percentile expected shortfall estimates, and observed borrowing behavior of active market participants, allowing debt ceilings to reflect liquidation capacity under stressed market conditions while being continuously monitored and updated as liquidity, volatility, and borrower dynamics evolve.
Excerpt: sUSDe-USDC Liquidity Shock Contraction (red) vs. empirical data points (blue)
- Continuous Liquidation and Loan Discount Calibration: Liquidation and loan discounts are calibrated using the LLAMMA Simulator, which evaluates parameter performance along historical price paths. We enabled timely parameters by replaying updated price data, tracking realized discount and loss metrics, and updating parameters accordingly. This should contribute to the prevention of bad debt situations such as the October 10th crash.
Excerpt: Liquidation and Loan Discount Alerts for Mint and Lend Market based on LlammaSimulator
- PT Oracle Framework: PT oracle framework development focuses on accurate price tracking of principal tokens by integrating market pricing, yield dynamics, and redemption mechanics. Continuous monitoring evaluates deviations between oracle prices and market prices, detecting persistent tracking errors or liquidity distortions and triggering recalibration to maintain reliable pricing for lending, collateral valuation, and liquidation processes.
Excerpt from "PT Oracle Design Explorations
- Monetary Policy Optimization: for the mint and LlamaLend market for both standard and leverage looping market, as conducted earlier this year. Examples of our analyses are plentiful on the forum [1], [2].
- Safe Market Deployment Support: consultancy for new market onboardings involving market configuration of LLAMMA-based markets (
A,fee,liquidation_discount,loan_discount), slection and configuration of monetary policy and economic oracle design with regard to suitability.
Source: LlammaSimulator V2 - ETH/USDT A Experiment
- Wider Integration Support: consultancy for new market onboardings, working with ecosystem partners and asset issuers to integrate new assets into the protocol (e.g., PegKeeper integrations such as frxUSD or GHO).
- Deprecation Handling and Housekeeping: Planning and support for safe protocol migrations, including deprecation of legacy markets and design of structured migration pathways to updated architectures. Such as the upcoming migration from v1 → v2.
2.1.2 crvUSD and Mint Markets
We are formalizing a comprehensive framework on crvUSD resilience and the YieldBasis-Curve relationship:
- Quantify PegKeeper capacity requirements under various volatile asset pool growth scenarios
- Model YieldBasis mechanics and their interaction with crvUSD stability
- Stress test scenarios for correlated volatile asset drops and cascading effects on crvUSD
- Research and evaluate crvUSD supply sink mechanisms — including yield-optimized vaults and ecosystem-level demand infrastructure
- Research and development of adaptive monetary policy models to reduce rate volatility and improve mint market product attractiveness
- Work on increasing mint market usage, e.g., adding more mint markets with new collateral types
2.1.3 YieldBasis Research & Collaboration
YieldBasis has quickly become a central part of the Curve ecosystem, and we expect this relationship to deepen further. We will be supporting safe scaling and mutual growth on both sides, collaborating with YieldBasis and other stakeholders to focus research on the future of the YB-Curve relationship:
- YieldBasis risk monitoring: extending the safe borrow cap methodology into a continuously updated tool tracking YB pool dynamics, safe exposure thresholds, and crvUSD impact
- Ongoing research into YB scaling dynamics, arbitrage flow patterns, and their implications for crvUSD
- Collaboration with YieldBasis on protocol design decisions that affect Curve — including pool configurations, fee structures, and rebalancing mechanics
2.2 Risk and Growth Consultancy
2.2.1 Emergency DAO Coordination
LlamaRisk is coordinating with the Emergency DAO, enabling faster response during market stress events. Our coordination efforts prepare the eDAO with frameworks and payloads for initiating emergency response. We are working to ensure the eDAO has appropriate risk management controls that strike a balance between intervention capability and strong user assurances.
2.2.2 Delegation Proxy Scoping
Combined with the continuous monitoring and automation tools we are building, we are laying the groundwork for the Delegation Proxy framework, enabling more granular and immediate control over Curve products. This will allow much better risk mitigation and responsive adaptation to ever-changing market conditions without having to wait for 7-day governance vote cycles. Development of the Delegation Proxy is being done by Swiss Stake with consultation from LlamaRisk on appropriate bounding logic that allows for safe parameter delegation.
2.2.3 crvUSD Supply Sinks & Ecosystem Coordination
We are actively working on creating supply sinks for crvUSD through joint efforts with key ecosystem stakeholders:
- The LlamaRisk IPOR vault serves as a yield-optimized crvUSD supply sink, absorbing circulating supply while contributing to mint market rate stabilization and peg support. The vault has grown to over $1M TVL and proved its value as a stability stronghold during recent market stress, providing sticky crvUSD demand precisely when it was most needed. In full alignment with the Curve ecosystem, the vault allocates to StakeDAO V2 vaults — which optimize yield routing between StakeDAO and Convex strategies — and charges minimal fees only from IPOR themselves. The StakeDAO integration is a key component: it ensures vault deposits flow back into Curve gauge-staked positions, reinforcing both liquidity depth and gauge incentive alignment.
- Exploring integration with YieldBasis HybridVaults to create deeper supply sinks that scale alongside YB growth
- Coordinating with protocol partners such as Aave to develop additional demand-side mechanisms for crvUSD
2.2.4 Grants & Incentives (Llama Boost Foundation)
- Deploy the secured 250,000 OP grant to incentivize LlamaLend v2 adoption on Optimism
- Pursue new grants from ecosystem foundations aligned with Curve’s multi-chain strategy
- Design co-incentive programs with stablecoin issuers and protocol partners
2.3 Qualitative Risk Evaluation
- Asset Risk Reviews: Evaluations for new collateral types emerging in the market — RWAs, structured products, yield-bearing tokens, Pendle PTs
- PegKeeper Curation: Diversify the PegKeeper set, monitor stablecoin health, and recommend debt ceiling adjustments
- Market Lifecycle Management: Refine and apply the deprecation framework across chains
- Regulatory Monitoring: Track regulatory developments, maintain risk disclaimers, and provide compliance guidance for institutional integrations
Section 3: 2026 Budget Breakdown
You can read the breakdown of our proposed budget requirements in the reply to this post.
Budget Summary
LlamaRisk proposes a hybrid compensation model for April 2026 – April 2027, combining crvUSD from the DAO Treasury with a CRV vest from the Community Fund. This is the first proposal to use the DAO Treasury for service provider compensation — consistent with its original purpose of shifting operational funding away from perpetual CRV sales and toward protocol revenue.
| Component | Amount | Source | Schedule |
|---|---|---|---|
| crvUSD Operational | $360,000/yr | DAO Treasury | Linear vest (12 months) |
| CRV Vest | 2,500,000 CRV | Community Fund | Linear vest (12 months) |
The vest recipient address is the LlamaRisk treasury multisig: 0xE8555F05b3f5a1F4566CD7da98c4e5F195258B65.
LlamaRisk will provide quarterly progress update reports to the governance forum.




